For some non regular usable tense understanding :
1. Present Perfect Tense : The time of the action is not exactly known, this tense is mostly used to refer to actions completed in the recent past(not a very long time ago).
Examples:
You have not completed you work.
You have not asked me for help.
She has not applied for a job.
He has not brought the table.
They have not enjoyed the party.
They have not called us.
He has not started a business.
I have not written a letter.
She has not come.
I have not gone to America.
2. Past Perfect Tense : Past Perfect Tense is used to express two types of actions which occured or completed in the past.It is usually used to express an action which occured a long time ago in past.It may also be used to state an action that occured in the recent past, but if it is intended to convey a sense of completion of the action with reference to other activities taken place after the same action.
Examples:
She had undergone heart surgery in her childhood.
I had lost my camera.
She had cooked some food.
He had consumed a lot of alcohol.
They had shifted to a new home.
He had earned a lot of money.
She had appeared in the exam.
He had lent me his book.
They had bought a new car.
You had gone before I reached.
The patient had died before the doctor came.
3. Future Perfect Tense is used to express an action which, the speaker assumes, will have completed or occurred in the future. It gives a sense of completion of a task that will happen in the future. This tense is also sometimes used to express completion of an action in future before another activity happens.
Examples:
He will have completed his project by Saturday.
They will have enjoyed party.
She will have bought a new laptop.
I will have taken my breakfast.
The kids will have played football in the school.
He would have finished his task.
He would have taken admission in the college.
You will have completed you report.
She will have started a new job.
He will have taken the test.
4. Present Perfect Continuos Tense : This tense express an action that started in past and continued to present or recently stopped. It is used to state an ongoing action that has started at a point in the past. A time-reference is also used in the sentence to show that when the action started in past or for how long the action continued.
The specific words ‘since’ and ‘for” are used in sentence to show the time of action. The word ‘Since’ is used if the exact starting time (e.g. since Monday, since 3 P.M) of action is known or intended to be reflected in the sentence. The word ‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for three hours, for six months) for which the action was continued.
Examples:
He has been living in New York since 1993.
She has been working in an organization since 2005.
He has been studying this book for three months.
She has been listening to music for two hours.
I have been watching the movie since 3 O’clock.
They have been waiting for me for 5 hours.
He has been teaching in this school for three years.
They have been using their car for five years.
He has been playing cricket for three hours.
She has been writing for a newspaper since 25th January 2001.
He has been sleeping for five hours.
5. Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Past Perfect Progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started in past and continued for some time in past. It expresses continued nature of an action that started and stopped at some point in the past. The sentence includes a ‘time-reference’ to show that when the action started in past or for how long the action was continued in past.
For time-reference of the action, two specific words ‘since’ and ‘for’ are used in the sentence. The word ‘since’ is used if the exact starting time (e.g. Friday, since 10 A.M) of the action is known or intended to be shown in the sentence. The word ‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for five hours, for nine months) for which the action was continued.
Examples:
She had been watching the movie for two hours.
She had been studying in that university since 2008.
They were playing football since 10 O’clock.
He had been working for a Newspaper for five years.
They had been running their business since 1987.
She had been waiting for you since Wednesday.
They had been studying for exam for three months.
She had been teaching student since 23rd July 2006.
I had been applying for jobs since December 2012.
She has been trying to qualify her exams since 15th March 2009.
6. Future Perfect Continuous Tense : This tense is used to describe an ongoing action that will complete in future. It is used to express the ongoing nature of an action with regards to its continuation towards a point in future. The action is assumed to be continued for a time (specified or unspecified) in future.A ‘time-reference’ is used in the sentence to show starting time of the action or for how long the action continues.
For time-reference of the action, two specific words ‘since’ and ‘for’ are used in the sentence. The word ‘since’ is used if the exact starting time (e.g. Friday, since 10 A.M) of the action is known or intended to be shown in the sentence. The word ‘for’ is used to express the amount of time (e.g. for five hours, for nine months) for which the action continued towards a point in future.
Examples:
They will have been living in Paris for five years.
The Kid will have been sleeping since 10 PM.
The doctor will have been treating patients for two years.
He will have been reading this book since 10 AM.
He will be working as an engineer in this factory since January.
We will have been starting your business since May.
You will have been using my computer for five months.
She will have been singing songs for three hours.
They will have been discussing about the issue for five days.
They will have been writing essays for two hours.