AV i.e. Active Voice
PV i.e. Passive Voice
################# Present Tense #################
[A] Simple Present Tense
is,am,are + V3
1. AV - He lights the candle.
PV - The candle is lighted by him.
2. AV - He does not light the candle.
PV - The candle is not lighted by him.
3. AV - Do you eat meat?
PV - Is meat eaten by you?
[B] Present Continuous Tense
is,am,are + being + V3
1. AV - I am driving a car.
PV - A car is being driven by me.
2. AV - I am not driving a car.
PV - A car is not being driven by me.
3. AV - Am I driving a car?
PV - Is a car being driven by me?
[C] Present Perfect Tense
has,have + been + V3
1. AV - She has stolen my book.
PV - My book has been stolen by her.
2. AV - She has not stolen my book.
PV - My book has not been stolen by her.
3. AV - Has she stolen my book?
PV - Has my book been stolen by her?
[D] Present perfect continuous Tense
Note : we use the same sentence in passive voice. It means these tense cannot be changed
in passive form.
############## Past Tense ######################
[A] Simple Past Tense
was,were + V3
1. AV - She finished work.
PV - Work was finished by her.
2. AV - She did not finish work.
PV - Work was not finished by her.
3. AV - Did she finish work?
PV - Was work finished by her.
[B] Past Continuous Tense
was,were + being + V3
1. AV - He was revising his books.
PV - His books were being revised by him.
2. AV - He was not revising his books.
PV - His books were not being revised by him.
3. AV - Was he revising his books?
PV - Were his books being revised by him?
[C] Past Perfect Tense
had + been + V3
1. AV - I had completed the assignment.
PV - The assignment had been completed by me.
2. AV - I had not completed the assignment.
PV - The assignment had not been completed by me.
3. AV - Had I completed the assignment?
PV - Had the assignment been completed by me?
[D] Past perfect continuous Tense
Note : we use the same sentence in passive voice. It means these tense cannot be changed
in passive form.
############### Future Tense ######################
[A] Simple Future Tense
will,shall + be + V3
1. AV - My uncle will pay my tuition fee.
PV - My tuition fee will be paid by my uncle.
2. AV - My uncle will not pay my tuition fee.
PV - My tuition fee will not paid by my uncle.
3. AV - Will my uncle pay my tuition fee?
PV - Will my tuition fee be paid by my uncle?
[B] Future Continuous Tense
Note : we use the same sentence in passive voice. It means these tense cannot be changed
in passive form.
[C] Future Perfect Tense
will,shall + have been + V3
1. AV - He will have received the letter.
PV - The letter will have been received by him.
2. AV - He will have received the letter.
PV - The letter will not have been received by him.
3. AV - Will he have received the letter?
PV - Will the letter have been receive by him?
[D] Future perfect continuous Tense
Note : we use the same sentence in passive voice. It means these tense cannot be changed
in passive form.
############# Modal Auxiliary ########################
[A] Modal Auxiliary for present and future modals
[1] Can / Could
Can/Could + be + V3
1. AV - I can solve these sums.
PV - These sums can be solved by me.
2. AV - I cannot solve these sums.
PV - These sums can not be solved by me.
3. AV - Can I solve these sums?
PV - Can these sums be solved by me?
[2] Has to / Have to
Has to/ Have to / Had to + be + V3
1. AV - He has to complete his assignment.
PV - His assignment has to completed by him.
[3] Must
Must + be + V3
1. AV - You must learn this book.
PV - This book must be learnt by you.
[4] May
May + be + V3
1. AV - I may buy the book.
PV - The book may be bought by me.
[5] Might
Might + be + V3
1. AV - They might play chess.
PV - Chess might be played by them.
[6] Should
Should + be + + V3
1. AV - Students should learn all lessons.
PV - All lessons should be learnt by students.
[7] Ought to
Ought to + be + V3
1. AV - You ought to help her.
PV - She ought to be helped by you.
[B] Passive voice for Past modals
AV - Should have / Must have / May have / May have / Might have / Ought to have
PV - Should have been / Must have been / May have been / May have been / Might have been / Ought to have been
1. AV - I should have started a job.
PV - A job should have been started by me.
2. AV - I might have not started a job.
PV - A job might not have been started by me.
3. AV - You ought to have finished the task.
PV - The task ought to have been finished by you.
4. AV - You ought not to have finished the task.
PV - The task ought not to have been finished by you.
######## Imperative Sentences #######################
These are the sentences in which we express our feeling and emotions like command, order, advice, and request.
1. Lets + new object + be/Not be + V3
2. For sentences containing, Request, advice and order, we will use you are Requested to, advised to and ordered to.
Note: Always remove please and kind if they are given in the sentence.
AV - Shut the door. ##### PV - Let the door be shut.
AV - Post the letter at once. ##### PV - Let the letter be posted at once.
AV - Always speak the truth. ##### PV - Let the truth always be spoken.
AV - Do not starve the cow. ##### PV - Let the cow not be starved.
AV - Let him help his brother. ##### PV - Let his brother be helped by him.
AV - Clean your room. ##### PV - Let your room be cleaned.
AV - Learn your lesson. ##### PV - Let your lesson be learnt.
AV - Please do me a favor tonight. ##### PV - You are requested to do me a favor tonight.
AV - Get out of my house. ##### PV - You are ordered to get out of mu house.
AV - Kindly do not smoke in public place. ##### PV - You are requested not to smoke in public place
########## AV - who => PV - whom #################
########### Sentences with two objects ##########################################
1.
If a sentence contains two objects namely Indirect Object and Direct Object in the Active Voice, two forms of Passive Voice can be formed.
She brought me a cup of coffee. (AV)
I was brought a cup of coffee by her. (PV) (or)
A cup of coffee was brought [to] me by her. (PV)
The teacher teaches us grammar. (AV)
We are taught grammar by the teacher. (PV) (or)
Grammar is taught [to] us by the teacher. (PV)
2. Beware of complement
They made him king. (AV)
He was made king by them. (PV)
3. Infinitive and Gerund
I want to shoot the tiger. (AV)
I want the tiger to be shoot. (PV)
I remember my father taking me to the theatre. (AV)
I remember being taken to the theatre by my father. (PV)
################### some sentences which can not be converted into passive voice ##########################
There are some sentences which can not be converted into passive voice. Let’s see which are those.
Only the sentences which have transitive verbs can be transformed into passive voice.
The sentences which contain intransitive verbs can not be transformed into passive voice.
List of intransitive verbs is shown below
To have
Agree with
Look like
Equal
Compromise
Lack
Become
Resemble
Fit etc.
Let’s see this with example.
He looks like Salman Khan. (Active Voice)
So for above sentence we can not say like
Salman Khan is looked like him.
So only the sentences with transitive verbs can be converted into passive voice.
################### Change voice of interrogative sentences ####################
[1]
Do/does + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Does she cook the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
Am/is/are + subject + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Is the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Does Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)
Is homework written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Does Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Is English learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
Does Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
Is cricket played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[2]
Questions beginning with am/is/are
Am/is/are + subject + verb + ing + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Is she cooking the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
Am/is/are + subject + being + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Is the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
Note: You might have noticed that whenever there is verb + ing in active voice, we are using being + V-3 in passive voice.
See some more examples to clarify this
Is Shubham writing homework? (Active Voice)
Is homework being written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Is Simran learning English? (Active Voice)
Is English being learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
Is Sachin playing cricket? (Active Voice)
Is cricket being played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[3]
Did + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Did she cook the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
Was/were + subject + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Was the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Did Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)
Was homework written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Did Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Was English learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
Did Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
Was cricket played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[4]
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice starting with was/were is
Was/were + subject + verb + ing + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Was she cooking the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
Was/were + subject + being + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Was the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Was Shubham writing homework? (Active Voice)
Was homework being written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Was Simran learning English? (Active Voice)
Was English being learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
Was Sachin playing cricket? (Active Voice)
Was cricket being played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[5]
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice starting with have/has/had is
Have/has/had + subject + V-3 + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Has she cooked the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook and ‘the food’ is object.)
Have/has/had + subject + been + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Has the food been cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Has Shubham written homework? (Active Voice)
Has homework been written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Has Simran learnt English? (Active Voice)
Has English been learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
Had Sachin played cricket? (Active Voice)
Had cricket been played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[6]
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice starting with modals is
Modal + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Can she cook the food? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is V-3 verb and ‘the food’ is object.)
Modal + subject + be + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Ex: Can the food be cooked by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Should Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)
Should homework be written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
Would Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Would English be learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
May Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
May cricket be played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
[7]
‘Wh’ questions
Questions starting with what, why, where, when, who, whom etc are known as ‘wh’ questions
Normal structure of ‘wh’ questions in active voice is
‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)
Ex: Why did she punish you? (Active Voice)
(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘punish’ is verb and ‘you’ is object.)
‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + V-3 + agent ? (Passive Voice)
Why were you punished by her? (Passive Voice)
(Here ‘you’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘punished’ is V-3 (past participle) of punish, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this
Where had he taken Priya? (Active Voice)
Where Priya had been taken by him? (Passive Voice)
When are you giving her the key? (Active Voice)
When the key is being given to her by you? (Passive Voice)
Which book did you purchase? (Active Voice)
Which book was purchased by you? (Passive Voice)
[8]
Who wrote this letter? (Active Voice)
By whom this letter was written? (Passive Voice)
Who will call him? (Active Voice)
By whom he will be called? (Passive Voice)
Who painted this beautiful painting? (Active Voice)
By whom was this beautiful painting painted? (Passive Voice)
Who invited you? (Active Voice)
By whom are you invited? (Passive Voice)
Who lent you this book? (Active Voice)
By whom were you lent this book? (Passive Voice)
[9]
Whom has the principal honoured? (Active Voice)
Who has been honoured by the principal? (Passive Voice)
Whom has the police arrested? (Active Voice)
Who has been arrested by police? (Passive Voice)
Whom have the people elected? (Active Voice)
Who has been elected by the people? (Passive Voice)
Whom have the selectors selected? (Active Voice)
Who has been selected by the selectors? (Passive Voice)
Whom has she called? (Active Voice)
Who has been called by her? (Passive Voice)
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